kowala
Meaning: koalaExamples:
Derived forms of kowala are: guwala
Other ways of saying, or spelling kowala are:
An abbreviation of kowala is:
Compare kowala with:
Contrast kowala with:
Other words which include kowala are:
extension:
Idiomatic uses of kowala are:
The opposite to kowala is:
The reciprocal of this kin term is:
Particle of the verb:
For more information search for these words:
kowala is a sign, or symbol of:
A synonym of kowala is:
Language information...
Language notes:Moiety: Both moieties or no specific ownership implied,
Always capitalise? No
Part of speech:
Etymology: koala
Other...
ID: 8526source:
ratified:
Informant (see the bottom of this page for details):
informant2 OliverDeBriz
Date last modified: 23/12/2021
Date submitted: 23/12/2021
List of abbreviations...
Abr : Abbreviation, an abbreviated formABS : Absolutive case (includes NOMinative and ACCusative with nouns)
ACC : ACCusative case (direct object of verb)
Ad : address term (used to call someone) See: Rf
Adj : Adjective or describing word (djarr'yunamirri dhäruk)
Adv : Adverb
ALL : Allative case (direction towards something or someone)
Alt : Alternate of (or) alternates with BABALA Alt: bawala
ASC : Associative case (about or concerning something or someone)
B : Both moieties, used by most or all (bukmak) speakers
B : Brother (in KINship terms)
BAS : Base or main form of a verb conjugation
Bir : Birrkili clan
Bug : Buginese
Bur : Burarra (language spoken at Maningrida, known by some Yolŋu)
Cf : Confer with; something related but not quite the same WALTJAṈ rain (noun) Cf: dharyun rain (verb)
Ch : Child language, way of speaking used to or by children
Conj : Conjunction, word used to link words or clauses together
CY : Coastal Yolŋu (includes Dhuwal, Dhuwala, Dhay'yi dialects)
D : Dhuwa moiety
D1 : First person deictic pronoun for this dialect D1 equals dhuwala
Da : Dhuwala('mirri) language group
Dal : Dhaḻwaŋu patrilect
Daṯ : Däṯiwuy patrilect
DEIC : Deictic or demonstrative pronoun (special words indicating place)
DEIC-1 : position close to first person (this, here near me)
DEIC-1plus2position : close to first & second person (this, that close to us)
DEIC-2 : position close to second person (that, there near you)
DEIC-3 : position by third person (that, there far away or yonder)
Dh : Dhaŋu('mi) language group
Di : Dhay'yi(mirr) language group
Dj : Djaŋu('mi) language group
Dl : Dhuwal('mirr) language group
Dp : Discourse particle
Dual : two people involved or implied
Dy : Yakuya (Dhiyakuy) language group (Ritharrŋu and Wägilak)
E.g : Example, for example
Enc : enclitic (a form that follows another word)
ERG : Ergative case (the doer or agent of a transitive verb), can also be used to mark INSTruments
Excl : Exclusive (does not include the person spoken to) See: Incl
Exis : Existential marker (-mi, -mirr, -mirri)
Exp : Expression or commonly used phrase (see also Idm)
Ext : Extension of meaning (to)
f : feminine, female, miyalk, baṯami, dhayka (as in Names or KIN)
F : Father in KINship terms
FUT : Future time; Future or Secondary form of verb
Gal : Gälpu patrilect
Gan : Ganalbiŋu or Ganhalpuyŋu patrilect
GEN : Genitive case (for or belonging to someone or something)
Glm : Golumala patrilect
Glp : Golpa patrilect (data so marked usually applies to Nh)
Gum : Gumatj patrilect
Gup : Gupapuyŋu patrilect
H : Husband (in KINship terms)
Hyp : Hyponym (belongs in the larger group of) BAḎARR Hyp: dharpa (BAḎARR is a kind of tree) BALPUḎU Hyp: gara (BALPUḎU is a kind of spear)
Idm : Idiom
-in : intransitive (verb)
-inplus : semitransitive (verb)
Include : Inclusive (does include the person spoken to) See: Excl
INST : Instrument used (marked by ERGative case)
IR : Irregular form class E.g: DHO (V-IR-tr)
Jam : Djambarrpuyŋu patrilect
Jap : Djapu patrilect
Jb : Djinba language group
Jn : Djinaŋ language group
KIN : KINship term
Lgl : Ḻiyagalawumirr patrilect
Liy : Ḻiyagawumirr patrilect
LOC : Locative case (place at, in or on); Location or place word
m : masculine, male, ḏirramu, ḏarramu (as in Names)
M : Mother in KINship terms or according to subsection rules
Mad : Maḏarrpa (-moṉuk) patrilect (a Dhuwaya dialect); Maḏarrpa (-dhuḏi) is usually included with Ritharrŋu in this dictionary
Mal : Malay
Maŋ : Maŋgalili patrilect
Mar : Marraŋu patrilect
LŊG : Luke Ŋalaŋala (Wutjara) Gaḻbayuŋga
LWG : Linda Wuḻamana Gaykamaŋu
Mkr : Macassarese, Macassan
Mny : Munyuku patrilect
Mrk : Marrakulu patrilect
MUT : MUTual (includes verbs that can be both RECiprocal and REFlexive)
n : noun (common or non-totemic)
N : name (personal or totemic)
NEG : Negative particle (e.g., no, not, don't)
Nh : Nhaŋu('mi) language group
NY : Northern Yolŋu (subgroup consisting of dhaŋu'mi, djaŋu'mi, e.g., Gålpu, Rirratjinŋu, Ŋaymil, Wangurri, and Warramiri)
Ŋay : Ŋaymil patrilect
OBL : Oblique case
Opp : Opposite meaning, an antonym BARRKU Opp: galki
OPP : OPPosition
PAST : Past time
PAST1 : Simple past or Tertiary form of verb
PAST2 : Distant past or Quarternary form of verb
pc : personal communication
PER : Pergressive (direction along or through something or someone)
Pl : Plural or group (mala) form
PN : Place Name
PRES : Present time
PRO : Pronoun (personal)
PROD : PRODuctive, Originator or Originative case on personal nouns & pronouns
PRS : Person, refers to persons or animates (not to things)v Qp : Question particle or question word
Rec : Reciprocal relationship of ŊÄṈḎI Rec: waku
REC : Reciprocal verb form (action done to one other) Cf: MUT, REF
REF : Reflexive verb form (action done to oneself) Cf: MUT, REC
Rel : Related to (Yolngu perceived relationship)
Rep : Replaced by (or) replaces
Rir : Rirratjiŋu patrilect
Rit : Ritharrŋu patrilect
S : Son (in KINship terms)
S1 : First choice spouse (according to subsection marriage rules)
S2 : Second choice spouse (according to subsection marriage rules)
SEM : SAL Semantics
SEQ : SEQuence, Immediate, or TEMPoral marker (-nha, -na)
Sg : Singular form
song : song form, generally limited to songs
suf : suffix, word-ending
sup : suppletive form (replaces a word that does not at all look related), e.g., NHE (plusGEN) equals NHUŊU, BA+ (V-ds) equals MÅRRAMA
SY : Southern Yolŋu (subgroup consisting of dhuwala'mirri, dhuwal'mirr, and yakuya, e.g. Gumatj, Gupapuyŋu, Djambarrpuyŋu,Ḻiyagawumirr, Ritharrŋu, Wagilak, etc.)
Sym : Symbol(ic) of
Syn : Synonym (same meaning)
Tab : Taboo relationship with BÄŊI (Name) Tab: båyŋu
TIME : Time word
-tr : transitive (verb)
-trplus : ditransitive (verb) (takes two objects)
V- : Verb (followed by GROUP NUMBER, 1 - 6,
V-ds : Discourse verb or ideophone
VD : final vowel-dropping patrilects (generally indicated by enclosing the dropped vowel in parentheses, e.g., ḏumurr(u), djälthirr(i), ḻakaram(angel))
VP : Verb particle (inflects with another verb)
VR : final vowel-retaining patrilects (see VD above)
W : wife (in KINship terms)
Wag : Wägilak patrilect
Wan : Wangurri patrilect
War : Warramiri patrilect
Wob : Wobulkarra
Y : Yirritja moiety
YK : Yirrkala Koine (also known as Dhuwaya or Baby Gumatj)
Z : Sister (in KINship terms)
Informants...
ADG : Andrew Daymaŋu GaykamaŋuAV : Anita van der Wal
AW : Alan Walker See also R&W, WRF, W&R
BDB : B. Ḏipililŋa Bukulatjpi
BL : Beulah Lowe (1976)
BMW : Bobby Munurruŋ Wunuŋmurra
BS : Bernard Schebeck
BW : Bruce Waters
DBG : Dorothy Buyuminy Ganambarr
DGB : David Gurrumuruwuy Bukulatjpi
DLY : David Lalambarri Yunupiŋu
DP : David Pepperill (handwritten dictionary of Gälpu)
DYM : David Yaŋgarriny Munyarryun
DZ : David Zorc
FM : Frances Morphy (1983)
FMG : Fay Mätjarra Garrawurra
FNM : Florence Ŋalawurr (Munuŋgurr) McLaughlin
GLM : Gordon Lanyipi Marrkula
HRW : Harry Rrany'tjiŋ Wunuŋmurra
JBG : James Barripaŋ Gaṉḏaŋu
JDG : John Ḏamarrwura Gaykamaŋu
JDW : Jimmy Dhurpirri Waṉambi
JDY : Jimmy Dhopaŋ Yunupiŋu
JG : John Greatorex
JGW : John Gupaniny Wunuŋmurra
JGY : James Galarrwuy Yunupiŋu
JH : Jeffrey Heath (1980)
JMG : Jessie Murarrgirarrgi Gaykamaŋu
JMR : Joyce M. Ross, M.B.E.
JR : John Rudder (19 )
JWD : Joe Wulwul Dhamarraṉdji
KGG : Keith Garradhawal Garrawurra
KLD : Keith Lapuluŋ Dhamarraṉdji
MC : Michael Christie (1979), Gupapuyŋu-English Dictionary
MC1 : Michael Christie (1981), YOLŊU MATHA (Gupapuyŋu Grammar Lessons)
MDY : Murphy Dhalpirripa Yunupiŋu
MRM : Margaret Raymattja (Marika) Munuŋgiritj
NWG : Nancy Wamathana Gaykamaŋu
PBG : Paul Biyarranydjarrwuy Gumbula
PGD : Peter Goŋnyanyuk Dhamarraṉdji
RA : Robert Amery
RLW : Ronnie Ḻambitj Waṉambi
RW : Ray Wood
R&W : Joyce Ross & Alan Walker (1983) (See also: W&R, WRF)
SD : Steven Davis (19 )
SYG : Sherilyn Yalmay Gurruwiwi
TBY : Tom Bakamana Yunupiŋu
TZ : Tchekhoff & Zorc (1983)
WdV : Wilkinson, de Veere, et al (198 )
W&R : Alan Walker & Joyce Ross (1985) (See also: R&W)
WRF : Alan Walker, Joyce Ross & Mary Fletcher (edited manuscript)
WZ : Alan Walker & David Zorc (1981)